Biocriminology introduces which type of variables into the study of crime?

Biocriminology focuses on the interplay between biology and criminal behavior, thereby incorporating biological variables into the study of crime. This approach examines how genetic, neurobiological, and physiological factors can influence an individual's propensity to engage in criminal activity. For instance, research in biocriminology may investigate how certain genetic predispositions or brain structure variations can correlate with aggressive behavior or impulsivity, leading to criminal acts.

By emphasizing biological variables, biocriminology expands traditional criminological perspectives that often prioritize environmental or sociocultural factors related to crime. This incorporation of biological considerations allows for a more comprehensive understanding of criminal behavior, recognizing that both nature (biological) and nurture (environmental influences) play significant roles in the manifestation of crime.

The other options—psychological, cultural, and sociological variables—represent different dimensions of criminal behavior that focus more on mental processes, societal norms, and interpersonal interactions, respectively, but they do not specifically center on the biological factors that biocriminology addresses.