What are the two primary types of self-regulatory mechanisms outlined in criminology?

The identification of self-rewards or self-punishments as the two primary types of self-regulatory mechanisms in criminology captures the essence of how individuals manage their behavior through internal controls. This concept is central to understanding how people may regulate their actions based on the potential rewards they give themselves for good behavior or the punishments they impose for undesirable actions.

Self-rewards can enhance motivation and reinforce positive behavior, acting as a positive feedback loop that encourages desirable conduct. Conversely, self-punishment serves as a deterrent against deviant actions, as individuals reflect on their behavior and impose consequences on themselves to avoid future missteps.

This self-regulation framework is particularly relevant in criminology, where understanding motivation can provide insights into criminal behavior and the ways individuals might choose to conform to societal norms versus engaging in deviance. Other options, such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, goals and intentions, and positive and negative reinforcement, while related to behavior regulation, do not specifically categorize the act of self-regulation in the same direct manner as self-rewards and self-punishments. Each of those other concepts plays a role in behavioral motivation but does not focus exclusively on the internal mechanisms of reward and punishment that drive self-regulation in the context of