What does the concept of institutional anomie refer to in criminological theory?

The concept of institutional anomie is closely linked to the idea that economic success and profit motives can overshadow or erode social norms within a society. This theory, which is rooted in the work of sociologist Robert Messner and Richard Rosenfeld, posits that when a society places a strong emphasis on economic success—often at the expense of other institutions such as family, education, and community—this leads to a weakened moral framework. Consequently, individuals may resort to criminal behaviors as they strive to achieve the financial success that is culturally valued, but without the proper social guidelines and support systems.

In this context, profit-motivated crime arises not simply from poverty or social disadvantage, but from a broader societal context where the drive for economic gain can override ethical considerations. This creates a state of normlessness within institutions, resulting in higher rates of crime facilitated by the pursuit of profits without adequate moral checks.

While social mobility, increased community engagement, and economic growth in urban centers may also influence crime rates, they do not directly capture the essence of institutional anomie. Instead, institutional anomie focuses specifically on how the prioritization of economic goals can lead to disconnection from other societal values, fostering an environment where crime becomes a viable option for individuals seeking success