What does utilitarianism emphasize in moral philosophy?

Utilitarianism emphasizes the happiness of the individual or society as the main goal, which fundamentally positions the concept of utility—often defined as the greatest good for the greatest number—as the cornerstone of moral decision-making. This philosophical approach seeks to assess the morality of actions based on their consequences, advocating that an action is deemed right if it promotes overall happiness and reduces suffering.

The focus of utilitarianism is consequentialist; it looks to the outcomes of actions rather than adhering to absolute principles, thus allowing for flexibility in ethical considerations. This central tenet distinguishes utilitarianism from other moral frameworks that prioritize different values, like individual rights or adherence to rules regardless of consequences. By prioritizing the collective well-being, utilitarianism addresses broader societal impacts rather than individual interests alone, making it an influential perspective in various discussions, including those related to criminal justice and public policy.