What is an outcome of poor parenting as noted in criminological studies?

Poor parenting is linked to a variety of negative outcomes for children, and criminological studies have shown that one significant consequence is an increased likelihood of criminal behavior. When parenting styles lack structure, support, or appropriate discipline, children may not learn essential social norms and values that guide behavior within society.

Inconsistent parenting, neglect, or excessive authoritarianism can lead to issues such as low self-esteem, poor peer relationships, and a lack of impulse control, all of which contribute to a greater propensity for

delinquency and criminal behavior later in life. Research consistently indicates that children raised in environments with inadequate parenting are at a higher risk of engaging in criminal activities as adolescents or adults.

This contrasts sharply with outcomes such as fostering academic success, encouraging civic engagement, or reducing delinquency, which are typically associated with positive, authoritative, or supportive parenting practices. The noted relationships in criminology emphasize the importance of nurturing and responsible parenting as protective factors against the development of criminal behaviors in children.