What is dualistic fallacy in criminology?

The dualistic fallacy in criminology refers to the assumption of a clear distinction between criminals and non-criminals. This perspective oversimplifies the complexity of human behavior by categorizing individuals into two distinct groups based on the presence or absence of criminal behavior. This fallacy ignores the continuum of behaviors that exist in society and the various factors that influence why individuals may engage in criminal acts at certain times while leading law-abiding lives at others.

In real-world contexts, behaviors can be influenced by a myriad of social, economic, psychological, and environmental factors, making it overly simplistic to categorically divide people into 'criminals' and 'non-criminals.' This misunderstanding can lead to ineffective crime policies and a lack of recognition of the social contexts that can contribute to criminal behavior. Understanding the dualistic fallacy encourages a more nuanced perspective on crime and the motivations behind it, supporting the idea that criminality is not a fixed trait but rather a behavior that can be shaped by various influences.