What is the definition of civil law?

Civil law refers to the body of law that governs the relationships and disputes between individuals and organizations. It encompasses a wide range of legal areas, including contracts, property, family law, and torts. The primary objective of civil law is to resolve conflicts and provide remedies, typically through compensation or specific performance, rather than through punitive measures. This distinguishes civil law from criminal law, which deals with offenses against the state and involves criminal penalties.

By focusing on interpersonal interactions and the rights and responsibilities that arise within them, civil law aims to regulate non-criminal disputes, making it essential for maintaining social order and protections between private parties. Understanding this concept is foundational in studying the legal system and its various branches, as it highlights the distinction between different types of law and their specific purposes in society.