What is the primary focus of criminology?

The primary focus of criminology is to explore the multifaceted aspects of crime, criminal behavior, and the various societal responses to crime. This interdisciplinary field examines not only the nature and causes of crime but also how individuals, communities, and institutions react to criminal activity. By investigating factors such as social, economic, and psychological influences, criminology aims to understand why certain behaviors are classified as criminal and how society can effectively address and manage these behaviors.

The other options, while related to aspects of crime and justice, do not encompass the broader scope of criminology. The psychological evaluation of criminals is a specific area within criminology but does not represent the entirety of the field. Similarly, the prevention of crime through public policy and the enforcement of laws by the government are both critical components of the criminal justice system but do not capture the comprehensive study of crime and its various dimensions as thoroughly as the correct choice does.