Which belief is central to the Positivist School regarding punishment?

The central belief of the Positivist School in criminology is that offenders should be treated based on their circumstances. This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding the various social, psychological, and biological factors that contribute to criminal behavior. Instead of viewing offenders as purely rational actors who choose to commit crimes, the Positivist School asserts that individual circumstances—such as mental health issues, socioeconomic background, and environmental influences—play a significant role in shaping behavior.

This perspective advocates for rehabilitation and individualized treatment rather than a one-size-fits-all approach to punishment, reflecting a shift from a retributive mindset to one aimed at addressing the root causes of criminal behavior. This belief underscores the importance of tailored interventions that consider the unique context of each offender's situation in order to promote better outcomes for both the individual and society.