Which of the following best describes personal factors influencing criminal behavior in children?

The choice of exposure to violence as the best descriptor of personal factors influencing criminal behavior in children is particularly insightful because it highlights the significant impact that environmental factors can have on a child's development and behavior. Research in criminology and psychology shows that children who witness or experience violence—whether in their homes, communities, or through media—are at a greater risk of adopting similar behaviors themselves. This exposure can normalize aggressive responses and diminish empathy, leading to increased likelihoods of criminal actions.

In contrast, while strong parental guidance, emotional intelligence, and high self-esteem can all play a role in shaping a child’s behavior, they tend to correlate more with protective factors rather than direct influences on criminal behavior. Strong parental guidance generally fosters healthy development and reduces the risk of delinquent behavior. Emotional intelligence can help a child manage feelings and social interactions effectively, potentially steering them away from aggressive behaviors. High self-esteem typically correlates with positive outcomes and well-being, creating a buffer against engaging in criminal activities.

Therefore, exposure to violence is a crucial factor because it directly contributes to shaping a child's perception of acceptable behavior and societal norms, thereby increasing the risk of criminal behavior.